Medication Creams and suppositories (inserted into the rectum) can help to relieve haemorrhoids symptoms such as pain or itching.
Some haemorrhoid creams contain steroids, which help reduce swelling, and you can use them for up to a week.
Banding (rubber band ligation)
If your haemorrhoids are getting bigger or more painful, your doctor may recommend banding.
This involves a surgeon placing very small bands in the rectum around the haemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply. The haemorrhoid then shrinks.
Within one to two weeks, the remains of the haemorrhoid and the bands will drop off and you will pass them out of your body.
Rubber band ligation usually doesn’t need an anaesthetic, and most people can get back to their normal activities the next day.
Injections (sclerotherapy)
A treatment called sclerotherapy may be used as an alternative to banding.
During sclerotherapy, your doctor injects a chemical solution into the blood vessels in your back passage. This relieves pain by blocking off the blood vessels and causing the tissue to die.
As with banding, the haemorrhoid should decrease in size or shrivel up. The affected area should then heal over to form a scar.
Surgical treatments for haemorrhoids
Conventional haemorrhoidectomy
This traditional type of surgery involves your haemorrhoids being surgically removed while you’re asleep with a general anaesthetic.
Cuts are made in the tissue around a haemorrhoid. The swollen vein inside the haemorrhoid is tied off to prevent bleeding and the haemorrhoid is then removed.
After carrying out a haemorrhoidectomy, there’s a 1 in 20 chance of the haemorrhoids coming back, which is lower than non-surgical treatments.
Pain around the anus is common for a few days after this procedure, but you can take painkillers to manage this.
Stapled haemorrhoidopexy or stapling
Stapling is an effective alternative to a conventional haemorrhoidectomy, and is carried out under general anaesthetic.
Your surgeon will staple your haemorrhoids to the wall of your anal canal to reduce their blood supply. Over time, this should make them smaller.
Compared with a conventional haemorrhoidectomy, this procedure has a shorter recovery time and you should feel less pain after your operation.
However, there’s a chance haemorrhoids will return in the future.
Haemorrhoidal artery ligation
Your doctor may also refer to this procedure as HALO (haemorrhoidal artery ligation operation) or THD (transanal haemorrhoidal dearterialisation).
You’ll first be given a general anaesthetic to send you to sleep. Your surgeon will use an ultrasound to identify arteries (blood vessels) supplying blood to a haemorrhoid.
They’ll then use stitches (sutures) to cut off the blood supply to a haemorrhoid, which should cause it to shrink.
Rafaelo® procedure
Rafaelo is a revolutionary treatment that uses high-frequency radio waves to treat haemorrhoids.
It involves your consultant inserting a small device into your back passage called a proctoscope. This allows your surgeon to examine your haemorrhoids.
Your surgeon then passes a special needle probe (the Rafaelo probe) through the proctoscope into the cushion of a haemorrhoid.
Radiofrequency energy is then passed through the Rafaelo probe to treat the haemorrhoid.
The aim is to limit the blood supply to the haemorrhoid to cause it to shrink and fall away, relieving you of your symptoms.