The mainstay of most cancer pain treatment is the use of opioid-type painkilling medications (like morphine or similar). These can be very effective at managing pain.
However, they do have some side effects such as drowsiness, constipation, nausea and dependence. People can also build up tolerance to them, meaning that they need increasing doses to get the same pain relief over time.
The most effective cancer pain treatment procedure is likely to depend on the type, location and stage of cancer, as well as other general health factors.
For example, neuromodulation is effective in treating pain caused by nerve damage (also known as neuropathic pain).
Pain caused by tumours or metastases (areas of cancer spread) in bones can be best treated using medications called ‘bisphosphonates’ (that help to strengthen the bones) and targeted radiotherapy.
If the pain is caused by a tumour pressing on a nearby organ, then surgery to remove all or part of the tumour can help.